Method for the production of cephalosporins

ABSTRACT

WHEREIN R&#39;&#39; has the aforementioned significance through the utilization of a microorganism having a novel type of enzymatic activity. The compounds have strong antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.   WHEREIN R has the aforementioned significance, or its reactive derivative and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound of the formula   WHEREIN R stands for a six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue or a five-membered heterocyclic residue and R&#39;&#39; stands for a hydrogen atom or an organic radical the indicated linkage of which is that between the methylene carbon atom and an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom composing the organic radical, are produced by condensation between (1) an Alpha -substitutedAlpha -amino acid of the formula   Cephalosporins of the formula

United States Patent Takahashi et al.

[ June 11, 1974 1 METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEPHALOSPORINS [75] Inventors: Takeshi Takahashi; Yoshio Yamazaki, both of Osaka; Koichi Kato, Kobe; Masao Isono, Nishinomiya, all of Japan [73] Assignee: Takeda Chemical Industries, Inc.,

Osaka, Japan 221 Filed: Mar.3l,l972

211 Appl. No.: 240,285

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Primary Examiner-Alvin E. Tanenholtz I Attorney, Agent, or FirmWender0th, Lind & Ponack [57] ABSTRACT Cephalosporins of the formula but, 8 R- H-CONH-CH--cfi cm I l CHa-R' g bon residue or a five-membered heterocyclic residue and R stands for a hydrogen atom or an organic radical the indicated linkage of which is that between the methylene carbon atom and an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom composing the organic radical, are produced by condensation between (1) an a-substituted-aamino acid of the formula wherein R has the aforementioned significance, or its reactive derivative and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound of the formula O OH (III) wherein R has the aforementioned significance through the utilization of a microorganism having a novel type of enzymatic activity. The compounds have strong antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

17 Claims, No Drawings METHOD" FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEPHALOSPORINS The present invention relates to a novel and industrially advantageous method for the production of cephalosporins.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for producing a cephalosporin of the formula wherein R stands for a six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue or a five-membered heterocyclic residue and R stands for a hydrogen atom or an organic radical the indicated linkage of which is that between the methylene carbon atom and an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom composing the organic radical, by condensation between (1) an a-substituted-a-amino acid of the formula mi R-CH-COOH (II) wherein R has the aforementioned significance, or its reactive derivative and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound of the formula wherein R has the aforementioned significance through the utilization of a microorganism having a novel type of enzymatic activity.

Hitherto, the production of cephalosporins by the condensation reaction between a-substituted-a-amino acids and 7aminocephem compounds has been carried out by means of chemical reactions. However, it is required in these known methods either topreviously protect amino group of the amino acids to avoid undesirable side reactions or to previously convert the amino group into a radical such as azide-group (N which can be reconverted into amino group. Thus, it is necessary after the condensation reaction either to remove the protective group from the amino group or to reconvert said radical into amino group, and these sidestep procedures must be conducted under moderate conditions so as not to give any influence on the moieties other than that concerned with these reactions, especially so as not to split the cephem nucleus or the acid amide linkage in the side chain at its 7-position.

These side-step procedures inevitably decrease the yield of the objective cephalosporins.

The present inventors have unexpectedly found that among the microorganisms of the genera Mycoplana, Protaminobacter, Acetobacter (inclusive of the genus Gluconobacter, Acetobacter according to Bergeys Manual of Detemiinative Bacteriology," 7th ed., 1957), Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Spirillum and Bacillus there exist at a high frequency those microorganisms having a novel type of enzymatic activity, which is capable of producing a cephalosporin (I) from an a-substituted-a-amino acid (II) or its reactive derivative and a 7-aminocephem compound (ill), and that the cephalosporins (i) can be smoothly produced in a high yield by subjecting (I) the a-substituted-a-amino acids (11) or their reactive derivatives and (2) the 7- aminocephem compounds (ill) to an enzymatic action of these microorganisms. As far as the present inventors are aware, the microbial condensation reaction between an organic acid or its reactive derivative and a 7-aminocephem compound to produce a cephalosporin was not known prior to this invention and has been found and established by the present inventors.

Thus, the principal object of the present invention is to provide a microbial method for producing cephalosporins (I) from a-substituted-a-amino acids (II) or their reactive derivatives and the 7-aminocephem compounds (III), which is novel and far more advantageous than the known chemical methods.

Further objects of the present invention will become apparent as the following specification proceeds.

Referring to the above-described formula (I), R is a six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue or a fivemembered heterocyclic residue. As the six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue there are counted phenyl, cyclohexenyls (i.e., l-cyclohexenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl and 3-cyclohexenyl), cyclohexadienyls (i.e., l,3- cyclohexadienyl, l ,4-cyclohexadienyl, l ,5- cyclohexadienyl and 2,5-cyclohexadienyl) and cyclohexyl. As the five-membered heterocyclic residue there may be mentioned those containing one hetero atom from among 0, S and N, for example, thienyl (Z-thienyl or 3-thienyl), furyl (2-furyl' or 3-furyl) and the like. Each of these hydrocarbon residues and heterocyclic residues may have a substituent or substituents on its ring. The substituents may be exemplified by hydroxy; halogens (e.g., bromine and chlorine); alkyls such as lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, allyl and octyl); alkoxys such as lower alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, allyloxy and hexoXy); carboxyl; mercapto; cyano; nitro; sulfo; amino; sulfamino; carboxyalkyl such as carboxy-loweralkyl (e.g., carboxymethyl and carboxyethyl) and the like. In the formula I, R represents a hydrogen or an organic radical the indicated linkage of which is that between the methylene carbon atom at the 3-position and an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom contained in the organic radical. As said organic radical, there may be enumerated, for example, alkoxys such as lower alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, allyloxy and hexoxy), alkoxycarbonyls such as lower alkoxycarbonyls (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl and hexoxycarbonyl), pyridylthios (2-pyridylthio and 3- pyridylthio), Pyridinio (e.g.,

l-oxidopyrid-Z-ylthio, methylthiocarboxy, dimethyldithiocarbamyl, trimethylamino, azido, benzyloxycarbonylamino and the like.

Referring to the formula (II), R is one of the abovementioned hydrocarbon or heterocyclic residues. Thus, the a-substituted-a-amino acid (II) includes, among others, phenylglycine, cyclohexadienylglycine, cyclohexenylglycine, cyclohexylglycine, 2-thienylglycine, 2-furylglycine, p-hydroxyphenylglycine, p-mercaptophenyl glycine, p-carboxyphenylglycine, p-sulfophenylglycine, p-aminophenylglycine, maminophenylglycine, p-nitrophenylglycine, pchlorophenylglycine, o-chlorophenylglycine, pbromophenylglycine, p-methylphenylglycine, pethylphenylglycine, p-methoxyphenylglycine, pcyanophenylglycine, m-cyanophenylglycine, p-sulfaminophenylglycine and the like. The a-substituted-aamino acids (II) having two or more substituents of the same or different kinds on their rings are also employable. As the substituents on the rings in this case, optional combinations of various substituents mentioned above may be chosen. Though there are some new compounds among these a-substituted-a-amino acids (II), they can be easily prepared by, for example, Streckers reaction from aldehydes having the corresponding R groups.

The reactive derivatives of these a-substituted-aamino acids (II) are those dcrivatized at their carboxylic moiety which yield the a-substituted-a-amino acids (II) when hydrolyzed in an aqueous medium by the microorganism to be employed in the present invention. Typical examples of the reactive derivatives are alkyl esters such as lower alkyl esters (e.g., methyl esters, ethyl esters, isopropyl esters and octyl esters) of the a-substituted-a-amino acids (II), aralkyl esters such as phenyl lower alkyl esters (e.g., benzyl esters and phenethyl esters) of the same, thioesters (e.g., thioglycol esters) of the same, amides of the same, dipeptides between the same and another amino acid (e.g., N- (phenylglycyl)glycine) and the like. Hereinafter, the a-substituted-a-amino acid (II) and its reactive derivative are collectively referred to as a-substituted-aamino acid compound."

There are optical isomers regarding the respective a-substituted-a-amino acid compounds and it is recommended from the antibacterial activities of the resulting cephalosporins (I) to employ D-forms or DL- forms with regard to the a-carbon atom of these compounds.

The a-substituted-a-amino acid compound may be employed in the free form or as its salt, e.g., hydrochloride, sodium salt or potassium salt.

R' in the formula (III) is a hydrogen atom or one of the above-mentioned organic radicals. Thus, the typical examples of the 7-aminocephem compounds (III) are 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid, 7-amino-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid, 7-amino-3- 4 methoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-amino-3-( l-oxidopyrid-2-yl thiomethyl )-3-cephem- 4-carboxylic acid, N-(7-amino-3-cephem-3- ylmethyl )pyridinium-4-carboxylate, N 7-amino-3- cephem-3-ylmethyl)4-carboxamidopyridinium-4- carboxylate, 7-amino-3-methylthiocarboxy-methyl-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-amino-3-trimethylaminomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-amino-3- dimethyldithiocarbamylmethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-amino-3-azidomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid and the like. These 7- aminocephem compounds are known and preparable by per se established processes, e.g., as are described in Advances in Applied Microbiology, 13(1970), p.p. l63-236, published by Academic Press, Inc., New York and London. Each of those 7-aminocephem compounds (III) may be used in the form of the free acid or as its salt e.g., hydrochloride, sodium salt or potassium salt.

According to the method of the present invention, use is made of microorganisms which belong to a genus Mycoplana, Protaminobacter, Acetobacter, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Spirillum or Bacillus and which are capableof producing a cephalosporin of the formula (I) from an a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and a 7-aminocephem compound (III). These microorganisms can be selected from among the known cultures which are stored at microorganism depositories and also be isolated from the natural kingdom, e.g., the soil, sewage water, marine water, flowers, fruits and the atmosphere.

The selection of the microorganisms having said cephalosporin-synthesizing activity may be conducted by, for example, suspending each of the microorganisms to be examined in an aqueous solution (pH 6.0) containing 10 mg./ml. of D-phenylglycine methyl ester and 5 mg./ml. of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid, incubating the suspension under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes and checking the accumulated 7-(aamino-D-phenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid in the reaction mixture by the bioautography and the bioassay described hereinafter. Among thusselected microorganisms there may be most advantageously employed those microorganisms which give 7- (a-amino-D-phenylacetamide)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid in an amount of not less than 1 mg./ml. in the reaction mixture according to said selection procedure.

If a microorganism selected as above produces the undesirable enzymes which will act upon and convert the objective cephalosporins (I), such as B-lactamase II (cephalosporinase) or esterases, it is possible to derive mutants, which do not produce those undesirable enzymes, by subjecting said microorganism to a per se conventional technique for the mutation of microorganisms, such as X-ray irradiation, ultraviolet ray irradiation or nitrogen mustardtreatment.

All the mutants that are derived from the above selected microorganisms by conventional means and that have an improved cephalosporin-synthesizing activity can, ofcourse, be utilized to advantage in the practice of this invention.

The following is a partial listing of the known cultures stored at the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan and which are employable in the method of the present invention. Throughout the present specification the [F0 numbers mean the accession numbers of the microorganisms at said Institute: Acetobacter acetosus IF- O-3296, Acetobacter albidus IFO-325 l Acetobacter aurantium IFO-3245, IFO-3249, Acetobacter cerinus IFO-3262, Acetobacter industrius lFO-3260, Acetobacter dioxyacetonicus IFO3272, Acetobacter gluconicus IF 0-3 1 7 1 Acetobacter liquefaciens IF 0- l 23 8 8 Acetobacter melanegenus IF 0-3 293 Acetobacter oxydans lFO-3189, Acetobacter pasteurianus [PO-3223, Acetobacter suboxydans IFO-3 l 30, Acetobacter turbidans IF 0-3225 Acetobacter xylinum [FD-3144, IF 0-3288,

Xanthomonas citri IFO-3829, Xar thor as pruni IFO-3780, Xanthomonas 0ryzae IFO3995, [PO-3827, [PO-3828, IFO-3510, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO-3454, Pseudomonas maltophila 11 0-12690, Pseudomonas melanogenum IFO- 12020, Pseudomonas vendrelli 11 0-3899, Aeromonas hydrophila [PO-3820, Arthrobacter simplex [PO-12069, Arthrobacter oxya'ans [PO-12138, Proteus mirabilis IFO3849, Proteus morganii IFO-3848,' Corynebavterium lritici IFO-l2l64, Flavobacterium capsulatum [PO-12533, Clostridium butyricum [PO-3847, Clostridium acetobutyricum IFO-3346, Staphylococus aureus lFO-306 O, Spirillum metamorphum lFO-ll2, Bacillus subtilis IFO3035, Bacillus sphaericus lFO-3526, Bacillus firmus [PO-3330, Bacillus pumilus IFO-l2090, Escherichia coli [PO-3543 and Escherichia coli var. communior lFO-3550.

Among the strains selected from the natural kingdom there are enumerated, for example, Mycoplana dimorpha [PO-13213 (ATCC-2l759), lFO-l3240 (ATC- C-2 1 756), Mycoplana bullata [PO-13267 (ATC- C-2 l 779), Protaminabacter alborflavus IFO-l 3221 (ATCC-2 l 755) and Acetobacter sp. [PO-13209 (ATC- C-2 1 760). The ATCC numbers indicate the accession numbers of the microorganisms at American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., U.S.A.

Those microorganisms which are capable of producing a cephalosporin (I) from an a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and a 7-aminocephem compound (Ill) can be found among the above-mentioned fifteen genera. Especially, the microorganisms which give advantageous results can be found at a high frequency among the genus Mycoplana, the genus Protaminobacter, the genus Acetobacter, the genus Xanthomonas, the genus Pseudomonas and the genus Aeromonas, said six genera belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae. The genus Escherichia also gives good results.

In subjecting l an a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound to the enzymatic action of such a microorganism having said cephalosporin-synthesizing activity, it is possible to cultivate such a microorganism in a culture medium containing (1) an a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound, but it is generally recommended to previously cultivate such a microorganism in an ordinary culture medium and to employ the resulting culture broth or its processed material.

The cultivation of the microorganisms may be conducted under aeration with agitation, under shaking or under static conditions. Generally, the cultivation under aerobic conditions is advantageous.

As the culture medium, there may be employed those which contain one or more of the combinations of meat extract, yeast extract, peptone, casein hydrolysates, comsteep liquor and other natural substances employed for general cultivation. These media may be optionally supplemented with carbon sources e.g., sugars, organic acids, normal paraffins; inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing compounds containing nitrogen in amino form and/or nitrate form; phosphates; manganese salts, sodium chloride, other ionic metals and/or vitamins. The media are preferably adjusted to pH 6 to 8. The advantageous cultivation temperatures are from 20 to 40C, especially from 28 to 37C. Though the cultivation period varies with the cultivation apparatus, the medium composition, the cultivation temperature and the like, it is recommended to stop the cultivation at the time when the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity reaches the maximum, from the late stage of the logarithmic growth phase to the early stage of the stationary phase. Generally, the cultivation for 8 to 30 hours gives the good results.

Thus-obtained culture broths or their processed materials are employable for the enzymatic synthesis of cephalosporins (I) in the method of the present invention. The term processed materials of culture broths as used throughout this specification as well as Claims means all the materials prepared by subjecting the culture broths to a suitable treatment or treatments to increase the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity and to make into an advantageous form for the enzymatic reaction. For instance, when said synthesizing activity occurs intracellularly, the processed material may be any of such preparations as the cells which have been separated from the culture broth; the cell-free extract which is obtainable by the application of a known process to the cells; a partially purified or completely purified enzyme preparation having the cephalosporinsynthesizing activity which is obtainable by the application of a per se known purification technique to said cell-free extract; and the material having the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity which has been obtained by combining said partially or completely purified enzyme to a water-insoluble high molecular substance by physical or chemical means. When the synthesizing activity occurs extracellularly, the term implies, among others, the supernatant fluid which is obtainable upon removal of cells from the culture broth; the partially or completely purified enzyme having the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity which is obtainable by subjecting said supernatant fluid to a known enzyme purification procedure; and the material having the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity which has been obtained by combining the partially or completely purified enzyme to a water-insoluble high molecular substance by physical or chemical means.

The condensation reaction between (1) an a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and (2) a 7- aminocephem compound to give a corresponding cephalosporin (I) smoothly proceeds by contacting both the compounds with the above-mentioned culture broth or its processed material in an aqueous medium. The term an aqueous medium as used throughout the present specification as well as appended Claims means a medium comprising water mainly. Thus, the aqueous medium may contain a water-miscible organic solvent such as lower alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol or isopropanol), acetone or the like. The preferred concentration of such an organic solvent is less than about 40 percent by volume, more preferably less than about 20 percent by volume, relative to the whole volume of the ultimate medium. It is generally recommended to adjust the aqueous medium to a pH from about 4 to about 8, most advantageously to a pH from about 5 to about 7. Though the reaction period varies with the substrate concentration, the level of the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity of the culture broth or processed material employed, the reaction temperature and the like, it generally lies in a range from about to about 300 minutes. The reaction temperature may be advantageously chosen in a range from about 5 to about 50C, most advantageously fromv about to about 40C. The substrate concentration may be chosen mainly depending upon the level of the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity. Generally, the concentration of the 7-aminocephem compound (III) relative to the whole aqueous medium is chosen from a range from about 0.1 to about 10 percent (weight- /volume). while that of the a-substituted-a-amino acid compound is chosen from a range from about 0.1 to about 20% (weight/volume). Advantageously, the a-substituted-a-amino acid compound is employed in a concentration of at least equimole, advantageously of not less than 2 time-moles, relative to the 7- aminocephem compound used.

When use is made of a processed material of culture broth which is water-insoluble, the reaction may be carried out in a suspension or by passing an aqueous solution containing said a-substituted-a-amino acid compound and said 7-aminocephem compound (Ill) through a column packed with the water-insoluble material having the cephalosporin-synthesizing activity.

By the above-mentioned enzymatic reaction, the cephalosporin (I) is produced in the reaction mixture. When a DL-form is employed as the a-substituted-aamino acid compound, there is generally observed a tendency that the D-form of the a-substituted-a-amino acid compound is predominantly introduced into the cephalosporin (l). Throughout the present invention, the D- or L-indication of the cephalosporins (I) means D-form or L-form with regard to the a-carbon atom in the side-chains at 7-position of these compounds (I).

Thus-produced cephalosporin (I) may be easily re-, covered from the reaction mixture and purified under moderate conditions by per se known techniques, for example, by chromatography or by using an organic acid which is capable of forming a water-insoluble salt with the cephalosporin (l).

Among thus-produced cephalosporins (I) there are included some novel compounds. More particularly, the novel compounds are those cephalosporins having cyclohexenyl( l-cyclohexenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl or 3- cyclohexenyl) as R in the the formula (I), such as 7-( ca amino-l '-cyclohexenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxy-cephalosporanic acid, 7-(a-amino-l '-cyclohexenylacetamido)-cephalosporanic acid and 7-(a-amino-lcyclohexenylacetamido)-3-methoxymethyl-3-cephem- 4-carboxylic acid. These novel cephalosporins are characterized by their excellent antibacterial activities A as well as 'stabilitiesf'" The cephalosporins (I) have a strong antibacterial action against gram-positive bacteria and gramnegative bacteria. They can be readily absorbed from the small intestines by oral administration, and, in parenteral administration, and they are rapidly pene- I trated into tissues and have good affinity to tissues. Therefore, the cephalosporins (I) are useful as antibacterial agents.

The cephalosporins (I) including their pharmaceutically acceptable acid salts (e.g., sodium and potassium salts) as well as hydrates thereof may be orally or parenterally administered per se or in a suitable form such as powder, granules, tablets or injectable solution admixed with a pharrnaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants. They can be used against almost the same disease that can be cured by a-aminobenzylpenicillin as well as the diseases caused by Escherichia coli, or the like.

While the dose of the compounds (I) to be administered varies depending on the kinds of the compounds, the severity of the disease etc., it generally falls within the range of from 5 to 500 mg./kg/day, preferably 10 to 200 mg./kg./day.

The following Examples are intended merely to illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the'present invention and not to restrict the scope of the present invention.

Rererence illustrates the typical procedures for preparing l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester, a novel compound employed as one of the a-substituted-aamino acid compounds in Examples.

Throughout the specification, the abbreviations my, p.g., mg.," ml, l., C, M and N respectively refer to millimicrons, microgram(s), milligram(s), milliliter(s), liter(s), degrees centigrade," molar concentration and normality"; percents are weight per volume, i.e., grams per deciliter, unless otherwise specified; and IR," UV and NMR mean infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic response, respectively.

Throughout the following Examples the bioautography as well as the bioassay of the produced cepholosporins were conducted in the conventional technique for cephalosporins employing Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, as is described in Joumal of Bacteriology, 50, 701-709- (1945); meanwhile the enzyme assay of the produced cephalosporins was carried out by subjecting the reaction mixture containing the objective cephalosporin to the action of B-lactamase produced by Aerobacter cloaceae (this enzyme splits the lactam of cephalosporins (I) but cannot split the lactam of starting .7- aminocephem compounds) and determining the difference in the absorbance at 260 mp. between before and after the enzyme treatment.

Media I to IV employed in the Examples have the following composition, respectively:

Medium 1 Bacto-Nutrient Broth, dehydrated (commercially available, distributed by Continued ume) to give about 10 g. of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine l f: ium dih dro cn hos hatc methyl ester.

'ss t z Dipotussium h ydro gcn phos phate 0.05% NMRU" D20) 6(mmp) M sonH o 0.1% 1.7 (4pr0tons on the C-4 and C-5 carbons of the Medium m 5 ring), 2.05 (4 protons on the C-2 and C-6 carbons of Monosodium glutamate 0.2% the ring), 3.92 (3 protons of the methyl group), 4.64 Yeas extract 01% l proton on the a-carbon), 6.21 1 proton on the ole- Peptone 0.5% Dipotassium hydrogenphosphate 0.2% fimc carbon of the mug)- Magncsium chloride 0.1% NOtfiSI F 50371-1 o 0.0 v st icrosc 2 2.0 70 l0 S; Singlet M d, W P B; broad e 'T Em,t 13% Preparation of D-l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester:

Peptone To a solution of 10 g. of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine Nacl PH m 05% methyl ester hydrochloride in 1,000 ml. of water ad- 15 justed to pH 7.2 with the addition of 2N-sodium hy- R EREN droxide is added 1 g. of a commercially available chy- Preparation of DL- 1 cyclohexenylglycine:

A solution of 4.4 g. of l-cyclohexene-l-aldehyde in 8 g. of methanol is added to a solution of 2 g. of sodium cyanide and 2.36 g. of ammonium chloride in 8 ml. of water and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, atthe end of which time 20 ml. of water is added. The resulting aminonitrile compound is extracted with 20 ml. of benzene. The benzene layer is extracted three times with 10 ml. each of 6N- hydrochloric acid, respectively, and the aqueous layer is refluxed for 2 hours. The resinous matter is removed with activated carbon and the filtrate is concentrated to about 15 ml. and brought to about pH 5.0 with concentrated aqueous ammonia (28%), whereupon crude crystals of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine is separated out. The crystals are recovered by filtration and dissolved in lN-aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. To the solution is added activated carbon and the mixture is subjected to filtration. To the filtrate, ethanol (one-half volume of the filtrate) is added, and the mixture is boiled, followed by adjusting its pH about 5.0 with hydrochloric acid, whereby 1.1 g. of DL-lcyclohexenylglycine as colorless flakes melting at 242243C is obtained. IR(KBr, cm):

3160, 2960, 1605, 1490, 1400, 1345, 1274, 1145, 720. NMR (solvent: lN-NaOD):

1.5 2.4 (multiplet, 8H)

3.81 (singlet, 1H, CH CQOH) 5.84 (multiplet, 1H, CH C) Preparation of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester:

10 g. of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine is suspended into motrypsin (a-Chymotrypsin" sold by Sigma Chemical Company, Missouri, U.S.A.; It shows 50 units/mg. of chymotrypsin activity). The mixture is incubated at 23C for 2 hours with adjusting its pH to 7.2 by the addition of lN-sodium hydroxide.

After adjusted to pH 8.0 with the addition of 5N- sodium hydroxide, the reaction mixture is subjected to extraction five times with 1,300 ml. each of diethyl ether. The resulting diethyl ether layer is evaporated to dryness at 25C under reduced pressure to give brown oily residue. To the residue is added ml. of HClsaturated methanol and the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. To the resulting residue is dropwise added 30 ml. of diethyl ether and the mixture is concentrated to give 3.5 ml. of D1- cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester. lts specific rotation is [111 115(C= 0.5, 0.1N-HC1). Its NMR spectrum is identical with that of DL-l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester.

EXAMPLE 1 The respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table 1 below were inoculated into three flasks containing 30 ml. of Medium 1 each, and grown under shaking at 28C for 20 hours, at'the end of which time the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cells were washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of said butter solution. To each of the suspensions was added 3 ml. of a 0.1N-aqueoussolution of K HPQ, containing 4% of phenylglycine methyl ester (1) and 2% of one of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), 7- amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b) and 7- amino-3-methoxymethyl-3cephem-4-carboxylic acid (c), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 40 minutes. The cephalosporin accumulated in each of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 1 below:

Amount of accumulated Microorganism cephalosporin (mg/ml.

A B C Acelobacter cerinus lFO-3262 0.9 0.4 0.3 Acetobacter induslrius lFO-3260 0.5 0.4 0.2 Acelobacler dioxyacelonicus lFO-3272 0.6 0.4 0.2 Acetobacler gluconicux lFO-3 l 71 0.3 0.2 0.1 Acelobacler Iiquefaciens lFO-12388 0.5 0.2 0.4 Acelobacler melanogenus lFO-3293 2.2 1.1 0.8 Acetohacter vxydans [PO-318.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 Acerobacler pasleurianus lFO-3223 8.2 4.1 4.0 Acemhat'ler suboxydans lFO-3 I 30 1.8 1.0 0.5 Acembacter turbidanx lFO-3225 6.5 5.2 4.8 Acemhacrer xylinum lFO3 144 8.2 4.5 2.8 Acembucler xylinum lFO-3288 8.0 4.0 4.0 Xunlhumonax cim' lFO-3835 6.8 2.9 2.2 Xanlhrmmnus prum' lFO-3780 4.8 2.5 2.4 XanI/wnmnux uryzuc lFO-3995 8.0 8.2 3.0 Iseudamonux ueruginusu 11 -3454 0.2 0.4 0.5 Pseudumunax mullophi/a lFO-l2690 2.0 1.0 l .2 Pseudomunux melanogenum lFO-l2020 3.1 0.4 1.0 Pxeudnmlmas vendrelli lFO-3899 0.2 0.4 0.3 Aeromonax hydrophiliu [PO-3820 0.1 0.1 0.1

C 7-(0-an1in0phen ylmelamidn )J-nIe/huxymlhyl-J rephem-4-carbuxylir arid pmduced from I and C.

EXAMPLE 2 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table 2 below was inoculated into 20 ml. of the medium set forth in Table 2 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. Each of the resulting cultures was inoculated into 500 ml. of the same medium as above and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours, at the end of which time the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cells were washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.1N- aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of phenylglycine methyl ester l) and 2% of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HC1. Each of the mixtures was incubated 40 under shaking at 37 C for 30 minutes. 7-(aaminophenylacetamido)cephalosporanic acid (A) accumulated in each of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay. The results are summ ari z edin Table 2 bel 6wi Table 2 Medium employed A loopful of a 3-day slant culture of Acelobacter pasteurianus [PO-3223 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium l and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day.

The resulting culture was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium cultivatedunder shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0. The washed cells were suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To the resultant suspension was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of phenylglycine ethyl ester (2) and 2% of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-l-lCl. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes.

As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 6.8 mg./ml. of 7-(aaminophenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (B) was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

EXAMPLE 4 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of Acetobacter turbia'ans [PO-3225 and Acetobacter aurantium [PO-3245 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The respective cultures were inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0. The washed cells were suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. Toeach of the resulting suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of a phenylglycine alkyl ester mentioned in Table 3 and 2% of 7-amino-3- methoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HC1. The mixture were incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(a-aminophenylacetamido)-3- methoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (C) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and detemiined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 3 below: The results are summarized in Table below:

Table 3 Table 5 Phenylglycine Amount of 5 Microorganism alkyl ester accumulated al Ul 1 I- C J L Microorganism cephalosporin (mg/ml.)

G 1 Acelobnrter Iurbidans 1FO-3225 Methyl ester 5.8 Acetobacter nurantium lFO-3245 Ethyl ester 4.8 Acemhac'" y IFOr3114 0.1 0.1 Acelobacler nuranlium IFO-3245 0.] 0.1 0.1 M V H g Xanliwmunas oryzae 1FO 3995 0.2 0.1 0.2 EXAMPLE 5 Mycoplana dimarpha lFO-l3240 0.1 0.1 0.1

The respective 3-day slant cultures of the microor- Not-e G.

ganisms listed in Table 4 below were inoculated into three flasks containing 30 m1. of Medium I each, and grown under shaking at 28C for hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the suspensions was added 3 ml. of a 0.1N-aqueous solution of K HPO. containing 4% of 4-hydroxyphenylg-' lycine methyl ester (3) and 2% of one of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b) and 7-amino 3-methoxymethyl-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid (c), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. The cephalosporin accumulated in each of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 4 below:

Table 4 Amount of accumulated Microorganism cephalosporin (mg/ml.) D E F Acemhatler paxleurianux lFO-3223 0.8 0.5 0.6 Acembur'ler lurhidrms [PO-3225 0.7 0.7 0.6 Xunthrmmnux citri [FO-3835 1.2 1.4 1.0 M ymplana dimurphu 1FO-1 3240 0.9 0.5 0.8 Pseudumunus mullophila [PO-12690 Note: D: 7 |u-umino-uJLhydmxyphenyl)uectamidolcephalosporanic acid produced from 3 and a.

E; 7-[u-aminu-u-( 4-I1ydmxyplu-n yl )ul't'lumidn l-311am'eluxyrz-phuluspnranic acid produced [mm 3 and h.

EXAMPLE 6 Z-lg-gmino-q-LG.5 dichloro-4hydroxyphenyll ace magrgha sporanic acid produced from 4 and 0.

7-[a-amino-a-(J ,5 -dichlor0-4 -h ydmxyphen yh-ncemmido1-3 deucemxyrephalorparanic acid produced from 4 and b.

7- [a-amino-md ,5-dish/0m4-hydroxyphenyl)-11cemnzido13-metImxymetI1yl-3- cep/1ern-4-curboxylic acid produced from 4 and 6.

EXAMPLE 7 The respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table 6 below was inoculated into three flasks containing 30 m1. of Medium 1 each, and grown under shaking at 28C for 20 hours, at the end of which time the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cells were washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of a 0.1N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester 5) and 2% containing 4% of 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester (4) and 2% of one of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic Table 6 Amount of accumulated Microorganism cephalosporin (mg/ml.)

.I K L 1 Acelabacler xylinum lFO-3288 1.3 1.6 0.8 Acetobarter pasteurianus 1FO-3223 6.8 4.6 5.2 Acembacter mrbidans lFO-3225 7.2 4.4 4.0 Acetobacrer auranrium 1FO-3245 2.1 0.8 1.1 Pseudomona: melanogenum lFO-l2020 2.3 2.5 1.5 Pseudomonas mallophiln lFO- l 2690 0.9 1.2 0.7 Xanrhomonas oryzae 1FO-3995 7.5 7.2 7.0 Mycoplana dimorpha lFO-l32l3 1.4 2.0 1.2

the bioassay.

Table 6-Continued Amount t a m l Microorgansim cephalosporin (mg/ml.)

EXAMPLE 8 A loopful of a 3-day slant culture of Acetobacter pas teurianus IFO-3223 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The resulting culture was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium l and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To the resulting suspension was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester (5) and 2% of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2NHCl. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 8.5 mg./ml. of 7-(a-amino-l'- cyclohexenylacetamido)cephalosporanic acid (J) was accumulated in the reaction mixture. The product J gives an Rf of 0.83 on a thin layer of silica gel when developed by a 70% aqueous solution of ethanol.

EXAMPLE 9 A loopful of a 3-day slant culture of Xanthomonas citri [PO-3835 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated at 28C for 1 day. The resulting culture was inoculated into 200 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 200 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 100 ml. of said buffer solution. To the suspension was added 100 ml. of a 0.1 N aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of l-cyclohexenylglycine thioglycol ester (6) and 2% of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HCl. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 6.6 mg./ml. of

7-(a-amino-1 -cyclohexenyl-acetamido)cephalosporanic acid (J) was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

EXAMPLE 10 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of Pseudomonas melanogenum lFOl202O and Acetobacter turbidans [PO-3225 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The respective cultures were inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium l and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the resulting suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.] N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of a l-cyclohexenylglycine alkyl ester mentioned in Table 7 below and 2% of 7-amino3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2H-HCl. The mixtures were incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(a -Aminol '-cyclohexenylacetamido)-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (K) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 7 below:

Table 7 l-Cyclohexenyl- Amount of Microorganism glycine alkyl accumulated ester K (mg/ml) Pseudumonas melanogenum lFO-12020 Ethyl ester 3.5 Acelobacrer turbidans lFO-3225 Methyl ester 4.2

The product K gives an Rf of 0.77 on a thin layer of silica gel when developed by a aqueous solution of ethanol.

EXAMPLE ll A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of Acetobacter aurantium lFO-3245 and Xanthomonas oryzae lFO-3995 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The respective cultures were inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the resulting suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of l-cyclohexenylglycine methyl ester (5) and 2% of 7-amino-3-methoxymethyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid (c), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HCl. The mixtures were incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(a-Amino-l cyclohexenylacetamido )-3-methoxymethyl-3-cephem- 4-carboxylic acid (L) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by .the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 8 below:

Table 8 Amount of Microorganism accumulated L (mg/ml) Acelobacrer auranlium lFO-3245 3.8 Xanlhomanas oryzae lFO-3995 8.2

The product L gives an Rf of 0.85 on a thin layer of silica gel when developed by a 70% aqueous solution of ethanol.

EXAMPLE 12 of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), 7-amino3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b) and 7-amino-3- methoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (c), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HC1. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. The cephalosporin accumulated in each of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 9 below:

Note: M: 7-4a-aminocyclohexylucelamido)ccphalosporanic acid produced from 7 and u. N: 7-1a-umin:i( -cl:ihmylac'elumidu)-3-deat-elu.ry('ephalusporanir acid prudun'd 1m and h. 7-( a-uminm'yrluhmylacelu midu )-3 -mvI/ru.r \'nw1Iz vl-3-(epliem 4-carlmxylic acid produced from 7 and 0.

EXAMPLE 13 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table 10 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium l and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. Each of the resulting cultures was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the resulting suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution K HPO containing 4% of a cyclohexylglycine alkyl ester described in Table 10 and 2% of a 7- aminocephem compound described in the same Table, the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N- HC]. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. The cephalosporin accumulated in each of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 10 below:

3 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the suspensions was added 3 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 0.4% of phenylglycine methyl ester l) and 0.2% of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(a-Aminophenyl-acetamido)cephalosporanic acid (A) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table ll below:

Table 1 1 Amount of Microorganism accumulated A (mg/ml) Arlhrobacter simplex [EC-12069 0.03 Arlhrobuc'rer uxyduns IFO- l 2 l 38 0.02 Proteus mirahilis lFO-3849 0.02 Proteus morganii IFO-3848 0.02 Corynebaclerium Iritici lFO-l2l64 0.03 Flavohaclerium capxulamm lFO-l2533 0.04 Cloxlridium buryricum lFO-3847 0.05 Closlridium ucetobulyricum lFO-3346 0.04 Spirillum melamorphum lFO-l20l2 0.03 Bacillus sublilis lFO-3035 0.03 Bacillus sphaericus lFO-3526 0.04 Bacillusflrmus [FD-3330 0.02 Bacillus pumllux [PO-12090 0.04

EXAMPLE A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table 12 below was inoculated into 30 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation. The cells were washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 15 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the suspensions was added 15 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPQ, containing 4% of phenylglycine methyl ester l and 2% of 7-amino-3-( l-oxidopyrid-2- ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (d), the so lution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-HCl.

" Table 10 Cyclohexyl- 7-Aminocephem Accumulated Microorganism glycine alkyl compound cephalosporin ester Acelabacler Iurbidans lFO-3225 Ethyl ester (:1) 3.4 mg/ml of M Xanthamonas aryzae lFO-3995 Methyl ester (b) 5.2 mg/ml of N Pseudomonas melanogenum lFO-l 2020 Methyl ester (1:) L8 me/ml of 0 EXAMPLE 14 Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of the microorganisms listed in Table ll below was inoculated into ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05 M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(a-aminophenylacetarnido)-lacetamid 3-( l-oxidopyrid-Z-ylthiomethyl )-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid (P) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the' bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 12 below:

Table 12 1 Amount of Microorganism accumulated P (mg/ml) Acerobacler pasleurianus lFO-3223 4.4 Acembacler turbidans lFO-3225 3.5 Acerobacter auranlium lFO-3245 2.4 Pseudomonas malwphila lFO-l2690 5.4 Pxeudomonas melanogenum lFO-l2020 8.8 Xanlhomonax cilri lFO-3829 7.9 Xanlhomunas oryzae [P 3827 8.6 Promminobacler alhuflavus lFO- l 3221 5.5 Mycoplana dimorpha [PO-13213 2.1

EXAMPLE 16 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of Pseudomonas melanogenum lFO-l2020 and Protaminobacter alhoflavus lFO-l 3221 was inoculated into ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. Each of the resulting cultures was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M- phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 Then, the cells of the respective microogranisms were suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the suspensions was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HP- 0 containing 2% of phenyglycine methyl ester (1) and 4% of 7-amino-3-(l-oxidopyrid-Z-ylthiomethyl)-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid (d), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for minutes. 7-(a-aminophenyl-acetamido )-3-( 1 -oxidopyrid-2- ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (P) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 13 below:

A loopful of a 3-day slant culture of Xanthomonas oryzae lFO-3995 was inoculated into 20 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The

washed with 500 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 50 ml. of said buffer solution. To the resulting suspension was added 50 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 2% of 2 thienylglycine methyl ester (8) and 4% of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-HCl. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 6.2 mg./ml. of 7-[a-amino-(2- thienyl)acetamido]cephalosporanic acid (Q) was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

EXAMPLE 18 A loopful of a 3-day slant culture of Acetobacter turbidans lFO-3225 was inoculated into 30 ml. of Medium 1 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of said buffer solution. To the resulting suspension was added 3 ml. of a 0.1 N- aqueous solution of K HPO containing 2% of 2- thienylglycine methyl ester (8) and 4% of 7-amino-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N-HCl. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 5.6 mg./ml. of 7-[a-amino-(2- thienyl )acetamido -3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (S) was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

EXAMPLE 19 A loopful of the respective 3-day slant cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae lFO-3288 and Acetobacter pasleurianus IFO3223 was inoculated into 30 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed-with 30 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of said buffer solution. To each of the resulting suspensions was added 3 ml. of a 0.1 N-aqueous solution of K HPO containing 4% of phenylglycine methyl ester (1) and 2% of a 7- aminocephem compound described in Table 14 below, the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with 2N- HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. The cephalosporin accumulated in each'of the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 14 below:

I Note: a: N-(7-amino3-cephcm-3-ylmethyl)pyridinium-4-car oxylate.

f: N (7-amino-3-cephem-3-ylmethyl)4-carboxamido-pyridinium-4carboxylate. T: N-[ 7-(a-aminophenylacetamido)-3-ccphem-3-ylmethyl lpyridinium-4-carboxylate.

resulting culture was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium l and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation,

N l 7-(a-aminophenylacctamido )3-cephem-3-ylmethyl l4-carboxamidophyridinium-4-carhoxylate.

EXAMPLE-20 A loopful of the respective 3day slant cultures of Acetobacter xylinum IFO3144 and Xanthomonas citri IFO3835 was inocluated into 30 ml. of Medium I and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 20 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed with 30 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and suspended in 3 ml. of said buffer solution in the case of Acetobacter xylinum or in 75 ml. of the buffer solution in the case of Xanthomonas citri. To each of the resulting suspensions was added the same volume of a 0.1 N- aqueous solution of K HPO containing 0.4% of phenyglycine (9) and 0.2% of 7-aminocephalosporanie acid (a), the solution having been adjusted to pH 6.0 with ZN-HCl. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. 7-(aaminophenylacetamido)-cephalosporanic acid (A) accumulated in the reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay. The results are summarized in Table below:

A loopful of l-day slant culture of Xanthomonas citri lFO-3835 was inoculated into 30 ml. of Medium Ill and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 24 hours. The resulting culture was inoculated into 500 ml. of Medium Ill and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 24 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and suspended in ml. of a 0.2 M-tris-maleate buffer solution of pH 6.5 To the resulting suspension were added 20 ml. of said buffer solution having been supplemented with 500 mg. of phenylglycine methyl ester l) as well as 250 mg. of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b), and 10 ml. of acetone. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 25C for minutes. As identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay, 270 mg. of 7-(a-aminophenylacetamido)-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (B) was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

EXAMPLE 22 Acetobacter sp. IFOl3209 was inoculated into 200 ml. of Medium IV and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 22 hours. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and suspended in 20 ml. of a 0.1 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0. The suspension was divided into 8 portions. To each portion of the suspension was added 2.5 ml. of a 0.2 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 containing 75 mg. of a phenylglycine derivative described in Table 16 below and 25 mg. of 7-amino-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (b). The respective mixtures were incubated under shaking at 37C for 1 hour. 7-(a-Aminophenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (B) accumulated in the respective reaction mixtures was identified by the bioautography and determined by the bioassay.

The results are summarized in Table 16 below:

Table 16 Phenylglycine derivative employed Amount of accumulated B g/ Methyl ester 6.0 Ethyl ester 6.0 n-Propyl ester 4.6 lsopropyl ester 2.2 Tertiary-butyl ester 0.2 Benzyl ester 4.2 Phenylglycine amide 0.2 N-(Phenylglycyl)glycine 0.2

EXAMPLE 23 A loopful of a 1-day slant culture of Xanthomonas oryzae lFO-35 10 was inoculated into 50 ml. of Medium III and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The resulting culture was inoculated into 350 ml. of Me dium ill and cultivated under shaking 28C for l day. The cells were harvested by centrifugation from 800 ml. of the culture broth obtained in the above mentioned manner and suspended in 200 ml. of a 0.2 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0. To the suspension was added 200 ml. of a 0.2 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 having been supplemented with 3 g. of DL-lcyclohexenylglycine methyl ester and l g. of 7- amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 1 hour. The enzyme assay revealed that 1.35 g. of 7-(a-amino-l cyclohexenyl-acetamido )-3 -deacetoxycephalosporanic acid was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

The cells were removed by centrifugation from the reaction mixture and the resulting supernatant fluid was allowed to pass through a column packed with 800 ml. of a commerically available polystyrene type adsorbent (Amberlite XAD-2 sold by Rohm & Haas Co., U.S.A.). The column was washed first with 2,600 ml. of water and subsequently with l,400 ml. of a mixture of water and methanol (5:1 by volume). Then, the column was subjected to elution with 2,500 ml. of a 50% aqueous solution of methanol.

The first 800 ml. of the 50% methanol eluate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at about 35C, whereby mg. of 7-[0z-amino(L-lcyclohexenyl)acetamido]-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid was obtained as crystals.

uv absorption: E at 260 mp; 205

Specific rotation: [011 +l37(C 0.5, in H O) The subsequent 700 ml. of the eluate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at about 35C, whereby 850 mg. of 7-[a-amino-(D-l cyclohexenyl)acetamido]-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid was obtained as crystals.

UV absorption: E at 260 mu 215 Specific rotation: [011 +86.2(C 0.5,.in H O) NMR (6-values in D 0 at pH 3 l.66(br0ad, 4H),

2.l0(broad, 4H), 2.20(singlet,3H), 3.54(AB type quartet, 2H), 4.63 (singlet, 1H), 5. l9(doublet,l H), 5.72(doublet,lH), 6.l8(broad,lH),

Antibacterial activity: Shown in Table 17:

Table 17 Minimum inhibitory Test microorganisms concentration (Mg/ml) Staphylococcus aureus 209P 0.5

Staphylococcus aurcus No. 87 2 Bacillus subtilis PCl 219 0.2

EXAMPLE 24 A loopful of a l-day slant culture of Xanthomonas citri lFO-3835 was inoculated into 50 ml. of Medium 111 and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The resulting culture was inoculated into 350 ml. of Medium Ill and cultivated under shaking at 28C for 1 day. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and suspended in 100 ml. of distilled water. To the suspension was added 8 g. of D-phenylglycine methyl ester and 4 g. of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid dissolved in 100 ml. of distilled water. The mixture was incubated under shaking at 37C for 1 hour while controlling its pH to 6.0 with the addition of 2N-NaOH. The enzyme assay revealed that 24.7 mg./ml. of 7-(aaminophenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

The reaction mixture was subjected to the same isolation procedure as described in Example 23 to give 3.9g. of 7-(a-amino-D-phenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid as crystals.

UV absorption: E at 260 mp. 2l8

Specific rotation: [04],, 148(C 0.5, in H O) EXAMPLE 25 A loopful of a l-day slant culture of Xanthomonas citri 11 -3835 was inoculated into 50 ml. of Medium Medium 111 and cultivated under aeration with agita- 7 tion at 28C for 24 hours.

The cells were harvested by centrifugation, suspended in 5,000 ml. of a 0.005 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 and then sonicated at 10 kilocycles per second for 20 minutes. The resulting sonicates were subjected to the action of deoxyribonuclease, treated with calcium phosphate gel to remove proteins and then treated with 60%-saturated ammonium sulfate solution to give precipitates. The precipitates were dissolved in a 0.01 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8, dialyzed against running water overnight and then treated with diethylaminoethyl cellulose to remove impure proteins. Thus-obtained solution was lyophilized to give g. of crude powdery enzyme.

3 g. of the crude powdery enzyme was added to 1 liter of an aqueous solution containing g. of D- phenylglycine methyl ester and 10 g. of 7-amino-3- 24 deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. The mixture was incubated with agitation at 37C for 1 hour while controlling its to pH 6.0 with the addition of ZN-NaOH. The enzyme assay revealed that l 1.3 g. of 7-(aaminophenylacetamido)-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid was accumulated in the reaction mixture.

The reaction mixture was subjected to the same isolation procedure as described in Example 23 to give 9.2 g. of 7-(ot-amino-D-phenylacetamido)-3- deacetoxycephalosporanic acid as crystals.

UV absorption: E at 260 my. 218

Specific rotation: [11],? 148(C=0.5, in H O) EXAMPLE 26 The crude powdery enzyme was further subjected to column chromatography with carboxymethyl cellulose employing the phosphate buffer of pH 6.2 containing 0.03M-NaCl as the solvent, and then was subjected to gel-filtration with employment of a column packed with Sephadex G- trade name of dextra particles for gel-filtration, sold by Pharmacia Co., Uppsala, Sweden) to give purified enzyme of which cephalosporinsynthesizing activity was about times as strong as that of the crude powdery enzyme.

25 ug. of the purified enzyme was added to 10 ml. of a 0.05 M-phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 containing 0.42% of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acidand 0.80% of D-, L- or DL-phenylglycine methyl ester listed in Table 18 below. Each of the mixtures was incubated under shaking at 37C for 30 minutes. The amount of accumulated 7-(a-aminophenylacetamido)- 3-deacetoxycephalosphoranic acid was determined by the enzyme assay with regard to the respective reaction mixtures.

The results are summarized in Table 18 below:

Table 18 Amount of accumulated Phenylglycine methyl ester product mg/ml D-Phenylglycine methyl ester 1.7

DLPhenylglycine methyl ester 0.9

L-Phenylglycinc methyl ester 0.2

What is claimed is: 1. A method for producing a cephalosporin compound of the formula wherein R stands for a six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue or a five-membered heterocyclic residue and R' stands for a hydrogen atom, alkoxy,a.1koxycarbonyl, pyridylthio, pyridino, l-oxidopyrid-Z-ylthio, methylthiocarboxy, dimethylthiocarbamyl, trimethylamino, azido or benzyloxycarbonylamino, which comprises subjecting a mixture of (1) an a-substituteda-amino acid of the formula 1 RCHOOOH (II) or a reactive derivative of the carboxylic moiety which yields the a-substituted-a-amino acid (11) when hydrolyzed in an aqueous medium under the conditions of reaction set forth herein wherein R has the aforementioned significance, and (2) a 7-aminocephem compound of the formula HzN- C H- CH1 l-N CHz-R ll 0 3 0 OH (III) wherein R has aforementioned significance in an aqueous medium to the enzymatic action of a microorganism which is capable of producing a cephalosporin of the formula (I) from an a-substituted-a-amino acid of the formula (ll) or a reactive derivative thereof and a 7-aminocephem compound of the formula (III), the microorganism belonging to a genus Mycoplana, Prolaminobacter, Acetobacter, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Echerichia, Staphylococcus, Arthmbacter, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Spirillum or Bacillus.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the a-substituted-a-amino acid or reactive derivative thereof and the 7-aminocephem compound are contacted with a culture broth of the microorganism or with enzymecontaining processed material thereof.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the contact is at a temperature from about 5 to about 50C and at a pH from about 4 to about 8.

4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the 7-aminocephem compound in the aqueous medium is in a range from about 0.1 to about 10 percent (weight/volume) and that of the a-substituted-a-amino acid or its reactive derivative is in a range .from about 0.1 to about 20 percent (weight/volume).

5: A method according to claim 1 wherein the reactive derivative of the carboxylic moiety is an alkyl ester,

a thioester, an amide or a dipeptide between the oz-substituted-a-amino acid and another amino acid.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the organic radical R is alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, pyridino or l-oxidopyrid-2-ylthio.

7. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is a hydrogen atom.

8. A method according to claim 6, wherein R is methoxy.

9. A method according to claim 6, wherein R is methoxycarbonyl.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the fivemembered heterocyclic residue is thienyl.

11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the sixmembered cyclic hydrocarbon residue is substituted by hydroxy, halogen or both.

12. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is phenyl.

13. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is phenyl substituted by hydroxy, halogen or both.

14. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexenyl.

15. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexyl.

16. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexenyl and R is a hydrogen atom, methoxy or methoxycarbonyl.

17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is Mycoplana dimorpha, Mycoplana bullala, Protaminobacter alboflavus, Acetobacter acetosus, Acetobacter albidus, Acetobacter auran tium, Acetobacter cerinus, Acetobacter industrius, Acetobacter dioxyacetonicus, Acetobacter gluconicus, Acetobacter liquefaciens, Acetobacter melanogenus, Acetobacter oxydans, Acelobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter suboxydans, Acetobacter turbidans, Acetobacter xylinum, Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas pruni, Xanthomonas oryzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophila, Pseudomonas melanogenus, Pseudomonas vendrelli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli var communior.

mlrrrn STATES PATENT orrmr CE'IPKMCATE Cl CCRREECHQN Patent No. 3 y 816 253 Dated June 11 1974 lnventofls) TAKESHI TAKAHASHI ET AL,

Q It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 2, lines 62 65, delete "alkoxycarbonyls such as O ,hexoxycarbonyl) and insert therefor alkylcarbonyloxy Q such as lower alkylcarbonyloxy (e,g. acetoxy, propionyloxy,

isobutyryloxy, propenylcarbonyloxy, hexylcarbonyloxy).

IN CLAIMS 2 Q Claim 1, lines 6 and 7 (counting the formula as one line) delete "alkoxycarbonyl" and insert therefor -alkylcarbonyl oxy.

Claim 6, line 2, delete "alkoxycarbonyl" and insert therefor alkylcarbonyloxy.,

Claim 9, lines 1 and 2, delete methoxycarbonyl" and insert therefor -acetoxy..

Claim 16, lines 2 and 3, delete "methoxycarbonyl" and insert therefor -acetoxy, O

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2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the Alpha -substituted- Alpha -amino acid or reactive derivative thereof and the 7-aminocephem compound are contacted with a culture broth of the microorganism or with enzyme-containing processed material thereof.
 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the contact is at a temperature from about 5* to about 50*C and at a pH from about 4 to about
 8. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the 7-aminocephem compound in the aqueous medium is in a range from about 0.1 to about 10 percent (weight/volume) and that of the Alpha -substituted- Alpha -amino acid or its reactive derivative is in a range from about 0.1 to about 20 percent (weight/volume).
 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the reactive derivative of the carboxylic moiety is an alkyl ester, a thioester, an amide or a dipeptide between the Alpha -substituted- Alpha -amino acid and another amino acid.
 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the organic radical R'' is alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, pyridino or 1-oxidopyrid-2-ylthio.
 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein R'' is a hydrogen atom.
 8. A method according to claim 6, wherein R'' is methoxy.
 9. A method according to claim 6, wherein R'' is methoxycarbonyl.
 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the five-membered heterocyclic residue is thienyl.
 11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon residue is substituted by hydroxy, halogen or both.
 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is phenyl.
 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is phenyl substituted by hydroxy, halogen or both.
 14. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexenyl.
 15. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexyl.
 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein R is cyclohexenyl and R'' is a hydrogen atom, methoxy or methoxycarbonyl.
 17. A method according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is Mycoplana dimorpha, Mycoplana bullata, Protaminobacter alboflavus, Acetobacter acetosus, Acetobacter albidus, Acetobacter aurantium, Acetobacter cerinus, Acetobacter industrius, Acetobacter dioxyacetonicus, Acetobacter gluconicus, Acetobacter liquefaciens, Acetobacter melanogenus, Acetobacter oxydans, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter suboxydans, Acetobacter turbidans, Acetobacter xylinum, Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas pruni, Xanthomonas oryzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophila, Pseudomonas melanogenus, Pseudomonas vendrelli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli var communior. 